The Sumi, also known as Sema, are one of the prominent Naga tribes inhabiting Zunheboto district and parts of Dimapur and Niuland. Historically noted for their warrior tradition, disciplined lifestyle, and well-organized village administration, their origins trace back to migration routes shared with other Naga groups. Oral traditions describe early ancestral settlements before the community gradually spread to its present regions.

The Sumis practiced animistic beliefs centered on nature spirits and village deities until the arrival of Christianity in the early 20th century. Despite modern influences, their customs, narratives, and festivals continue to shape their identity.

Sumi cultural values emphasize courage, honesty, unity, and respect for elders. Hard work, communal cooperation, and harmony with nature remain important aspects of their social life. Rituals such as sharing anni (rice beer), exchanging gifts, and visiting one another reinforce community bonds. Traditional practices included agricultural rites, purification rituals, and collective labor systems that ensured order and solidarity within the village. Key cultural symbols include log drums, wooden shields, spears, and bamboo baskets used in both daily life and ceremonies. Textiles feature red-and-black geometric designs symbolizing strength and ancestral identity, while bamboo flutes and traditional drums enliven festivals and gatherings.

Tuluni, celebrated in July, is the most significant Sumi festival, marking the season of abundance. It is a time of thanksgiving, feasting, and renewing social ties. Traditionally, it also served as a season for betrothals and marriages, symbolizing new beginnings. Sumi attire is distinguished by bold red, black, and white patterns woven into shawls and skirts. Men wear shawls such as Azu Julo and Sutam, some historically associated with achievement or warrior status. Women wear patterned wraparound skirts paired with bead necklaces, glass-bead chokers, brass ornaments, and shells. In earlier times, ornaments made from animal parts signified bravery or social status. These garments are proudly displayed during festivals, reflecting the tribe’s weaving traditions and cultural identity.